Thursday, May 31, 2012
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Saturday, May 12, 2012
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Saturday, May 5, 2012
Monday, April 30, 2012
Friday, April 13, 2012
Rana Regime
Rana Regime
Several decades after Prithvi Narayan Shah were characterized by
power politics of conspiracy. Taking advantage of very young kings, regents as
well as countries indulged in conspiracies for power. Such political
instability, regents as well as countries indulged in conspiracies for power. Such
political instability paved way for the rise of Jung Bahadur, whose family had
long been in contact with the place. As a clever youth, Jung Bahadur availed of
the situations in the Kot Massacre. Immediately he was appointed Commander –
In-Chief and then Prime minister. Thus, the event of mass killing marked the
beginning of Rana autocracy that would govern Nepal for next 104 years. Two
other similar episodes –Bhandarkhal Event and Alau Event contributed further to
the rise of his power. He was also favoured strongly by the East India Company.
Following
Jung Bahadur, eight Rana Prime Ministers inherited the throne according to
rules of succession. They exercised absolute power and made the Kings their
puppet. Some Ranas even changed the rules in favour of their families. Ranoddip
was killed and Dev Shumsher and Padma Shumsher were forcefully discharged for
the purpose. With the exception of one or two, the Rana Prime ministers were
very cruel, unjust and extravagant. They embezzled public property and lived in
indecent luxury. With lifeblood support from the British East India Company and
suppression of public freedom and strong control over education and outside
influence, they tried to sustain their rule.
Despite
their despotic nature, Ranas also brought several reforms in the country.
Social evils such as slavery and sati system were abolished. Agriculture got
diversified and industrialization began to take a shape. However, most of their
reforms might be either for gaining public support for their autocratic rule or
for enlarging their luxury. Ranas also maintained intimate relations with some
countries such as Britain and France. Peace and Security would not be violated
at least by the ordinary citizens.
Rana regime was founded at the cost of many innocent
lives and it was doomed to collapse. Conspiracies and takeovers remained a
commonplace. One would try to rise at the cost of others. From the very
beginning ordinary people had developed hatred and distaste for the system
through they could not bring it out until they got strong leadership. Finally
the time came. The East India Company, the foundation of the Ranas collapsed.
There was worldwide wave of political changes after World War II. Here in
Nepal, an armed revolution was staged under the leadership of Nepali Congress
Party which had its own liberation army. Many Nepalese, who had fought in the
Indian Freedom Moment, come back and used their expertise in the agitation in
Nepal. As it turned out, the national government of India supported the armed
agitation. Meanwhile, the reigning king Tribhuwan abdicated the throne and was
received in New Delhi, where a tripartite agreement was concluded between the
king, the Ranas and the revolutionaries under an active mediation of the Indian
government. Accordingly, a Rana-Congress coalition government was formed with
the monarchy fully restored.
Wednesday, April 11, 2012
Importance of character
Importance of character
Character
refers to the set of qualities, especially mind’s, that simply make a person,
group of people, and places distinctive from others. Every action of a person
is truly guided by his/her character. So a good character becomes a reputation
and property. It is an essence of a virtuous human being. It is rightly said
that character is the crown and glory of life.
A
good character makes a man respectful in the society. He/ She can set ambitious goal in their life
and make great achievements. There are many examples of this kind of people
such as Florence Nightingale. She was committed to work for the diseased and
injured people who were left uncared. She could establish nursing as a worthy
and recognized profession. So she is always famous. Other people such as Laxmi
Prasad Devkota, Madam Curie and Mother Teresa are so great because of their
character. These people are counted not because of their money or anything else
but for their character.
A
good character earns prestige, happiness, respect, satisfaction and internal
peace. Hence we should always try to adopt qualities of great personality and
follow their footsteps. Character can’t be achieved with money. If we have
money but no character, we are respected by none. We will be none in the
society. Character is not a commodity that can be bought or sold. It is the
thing that we should build up in ourselves. Character building must be one of
the primary purposes of education. Today’s education includes character education
in its curriculum in one way or another. Pupils are instructed in the basic
human values and morals.
We
should never lose our character. Instead we should enhance it. According to a
Liberian educator E. W. Blyden, “if you are not yourself, if you surrender your
personality, you have nothing left to give the world.” Thus, character should
be maintained. It is the character that enables a person to live a worthy life
and earn an immortal recognition. Finally our character compares with no
financial gains. Money comes and goes but once character is lost, it is very
hard to regain it. So character is much more important money.
Tuesday, April 10, 2012
Student life
Student life
The time one spends as a student to get
education from formal institutions like school and college is called student
life. Though the process of learning continues throughout our life, student
life is especially important because we are more goal-oriented in this period.
Future of every student depends upon the education that they achieve during
this period. It is a kind of preparation for future.
Student
life is a period of learning. Learning means much more than just preparing
lessons and passing exams. In fact, most of the bases of future have been
created through education gained in this period. Similarly, student life is a
period of forming good character. A girl or a boy having good education can
become a good person; useful not only for the family and society but also for
the whole nation. If one does not make good use of this time, no doubt they
will have to regret throughout their life.
Different
people choose their profession according to their education and skills. So, as
a student one has to make good choice of subjects and faculty. Some like to
become doctors, some teachers and so on. Whatever their goals be all students
must utilize this time properly. In this time, people also acquire various life
skills so that they can live a worthy life. They also learn important social
virtues such as fellow felling, cooperation and tolerance. So, properly
educated people can easily adjust in their society.
Student
life is a precious phase of life. So the main duty of a student is to study
well. Otherwise they will have to suffer. Students should be disciplined and
dutiful for an accomplishment. They should have respect for their sources of
knowledge such as books and teachers. They should try to make best use of the
available means and resources. Learning should be taken as fun not as a burden.
The time in this period should also be spent joyfully. Games and sport are
vital to refresh the body and mind. Students should try to be more and more
inquisitive and creative. They should keep good company because their learning
process and character can be highly influenced by the company they keep.
Monday, April 9, 2012
City life
City
life
When village develop, they change into cities. A
city has got many facilities and services of the modern time. Houses are
comfortable. Goods around the world are available. There are also opportunities
of recreation and leisure activities. Playground, stadiums, cinemas as well as
hotels and lodges are commonly found in a city. Living in cities is thus more
comfortable then in villages.
In cities there are many industries,
offices and businesses. These offer many varieties of jobs that suit all kinds
of people. Everything is found at cheaper price. Fresh food and fruits are sold
in all seasons. Even unskilled people, for example, can earn by working as
porters or cleaners. There are also wide varieties of banking services.
Besides, the city dwellers get advanced but easy medical facilities from
hospitals and clinics.
A city also offers opportunities of
career development. There are wide varieties of schools and colleges along with
training centres. Libraries contribute additionally. Life in cities is an
informed and updated one. One can enjoy good access to many sources of
information such as radio, TV, newspaper and internet facilities. Because city
population is highly mixed, there is broader social interaction. Generally city
people represent the enlightened population of a country. They are better
educated and informed.
City life does have several
disadvantages, too. Most cities are crowded and polluted. Houses are to tall
and packed. Most structures are ugly concrete structures. Air often filled with
toxic smoke and dust. It is difficult to get safe and enough drinking water.
Food is often adulterated. Pollution, contaminated food and water bring many
diseases which often turn epidemic.
City life is full of rushes. Everyone
must work hard to make a good living. Everything needs to be bought so there is
the lowest degree of self-reliance. Almost everythings has been altered from
their natural states. City life makes everyone selfish and materialistic. They
ared hungry for luxuries and extravagance. Life is quite unstable. Cities are
also common sites of violence, strikes and protests.
A city may give physical comfort to
its dwellers but it often fails to give them mental peace and spiritual
satisfaction. Human beings move mechanically as machines do but they don’t feel
secure. Danger of robbery, loots, pick pocketing,murder, kidnapping, etc. is
permanent. There are greater risks of accidents, too. There is title sympathy
and cooperation. One feels alienated even in the crowd. There is total
dependence. So city life may be full of pressure and stress.
Despite these drawbacks, city life is
much more perferred to then village life. This is way villages are rapidly
changing into cities. Cities are much more fertile for economic and intellectual
growth of a personality. City life can be perfected through proper urban
planning and regulation.
Sunday, April 8, 2012
Student and politics
Student and politics
“Man is by
nature a political animal” said one of the greatest classical thinkers, Aristotle. Students, who
will have to lead the country tomorrow, cannot keep themselves aloof today from
the current political affairs of their country and abroad. Politics affects
every affair of a certain country. So as they are learning, students should
also be well-acquainted, to an extent, with ideological principles and
practices.
Politics
affects every aspect of a personal life, too. Every great person has to go
through the student life. Those who are students today will grow into statesman
tomorrow. They will have to take responsibility of leading the country to the
summit of progress and prosperity. Thus the future of the nation highly depends
on the students and their performance.
Because it
is important for students to gain knowledge about political theories and
practices, political education has been integrated in curriculum. Subjects such
as political Science, Social Studies, History and civics aim at providing such
knowledge and bringing about awareness. In many ways, topics about politics are
included in school and university curriculums. The purpose is to make students
well-acquainted with politics. The existence of students unions affiliated to
definite political parties is recognized in colleges of nepal. These elected
unions are expected to raise voice, from public opinions, make dealings, etc.
for the general welfare of the students.
In most
political movements of our historys students have kept themselves in the
forntlines. Success of democracy depends upon the level of politices awareness
in general public. When compared with ordinary citizens, students are found to
be more informed and enlightened. More informed citizenry can promote good
governance. So their role is vital in the success of electoral process,
constitutional reformations and execution of laws. They can help from a public
opinion-actually a sound public opinion.
But
students should not use their precious time in political activities only. Often
political parties tend to use students as their tools to rise to power. They
are used in demonstrations and fighting. So students should get away from these
dangers. The primary job of students is to attend classes, prepare lessons,
build up character and conduct as cultured by the power of knowledge. They
should raise voice against the political follies and pitfalls. They should not
hesitate even to criticize the psrties they are affiliated to when need be. In
other words they shouldn’t be blind supporters of any party. But students
should never indulge in voilent movements. They should adopt a peaceful means
for giving due pressure to parties government or other authorities.
Saturday, April 7, 2012
Dashain
Dashain
Dashain is the greatest
festival of Nepal Hindus. Like other festivals, it is also based on the lunar
clendar and falls in the months of Aswin or Kartik. Dashain is observed for 15
days from the new moon day (Ghatasthapana) to the full moon day (Kojagrat
Purnima). It is a festival of great delight, enthusiasm and rapture.
The time of Dashain is very fine. The weather is fair and mild.
There is no more mud or dust. Farmers are getting relief from their tiring
season of plantations and weddings. Schools, colleges, factories and offices
remain close. Fair and pleasant weather, ripening and rustling crops, busy
roads and paths, crowded shops, speedy renovations and cleanliness of roads,
temples, taps, etc., and decorations all indicate the arrival of the greatest
festival.
Dashain celebrates the inevitable victory of virtune over vice,
of truth over untruth and of justice over injustice. The goddess Durga known as
the goddess of victory is worshipped with great devotion, during the first nine
days called Nawa Durga. People swarm to the well-maintained temples of the
Goddess Durga. They make sacrifices of goats, buffalos, etc. The Chandi, a
story of victory achieved by deities over devils in Satya Yugy, is recited for
sacredness and sanctity. It is believed that in Treta Yuga, Lord Rama had
secured victory after performing puga to Goddess Durga. The tenth day known as
Vijayadashami is the main day of the vacation festival. On this day, people
receive red tika, jamara and blessings from their seniors. Rato tika is the
symbol of both fortune and victory in Hindu culture.
Dashain is also the time of family gatherings and feasts people
forget their differences and misunderstandings and visit their relatives. Those
away from their home or country return during the time people wear new clothes,
eat sels, beaten rice, meat chocolates and spice. For very poor people it is
the rare occasion of good and delicious food. Traditional swing such as the
bamboo supported Linge pings are very
popular. Nepali lifestyle is highly reflected by this festival. Malshree songs
are played. Media such as radio, TV and Newspaper broadcast or publish wishes
and greetings both their own and the sponsored ones. There is gun firing
accompanied by flower showering at Tundikhel in Kathmandu. It’s tradition for
commoners to receive tika from the state head of the country.
Many people celebrate the festival with grate pomp and shows.
Celebration are often extravagant. Widespread drinking and gambling often lead
to quarrels and fights. For poor people Dashain is rather a curse it is very
difficult for them to afford for the traditional celebrations. Many are left
bankrupt due to their extravagance. The sacrifices offered to the goddess is
very terrific people fall victim to indigestion , food poisoning and accidents.
Before Dashain there are a lot of crimes such as pick pocketing, robbery, and
loots. Market price often tend to rise before and on the eve of the festival.
Such evil aspects of Dashain need to be curbed or discarded.
Friday, April 6, 2012
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Popular Movement II
Popular
Movement II
Even after the restoration of democracy made in BS 2046 political
instability prevailed in Nepal. To some parties Popular Movement I had not
achieved a true success. According to them, the tripartite agreement between
the King, the Nepali Congress and the United Leftist Front was a mere deception
to the true spirit of democrats and nationalists. The constitution of BS 2047
vested important powers to the ‘constitutional’ monarch. This would make the
king’s role more active. Even majority governments did not function to the full
terms due to intra-party conflicts. Deep-rooted poverty, corruption,
lawlessness, unemployment and exclusions gave rise to violent Maoist revolt in
BS 2052.
In BS 2058 the reigning king Birendra
was killed along with his queen, children including the crown prince Dipendra
and several other family members in a palace massacre. Then Gyanendra, the dead
king’s second brother, was crowned amidst the countrywide grief and
hesitations. Growing unrest, intra-party conflicts and failures of the cabinet
led to the dismissal of the elected Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba in mid BS
2059. After many tests, eventually the King took over the absolute power in BS
2061.
Following the dismissal of Sher
Bahadur Deuba, most political parties rose against the kingship. But their
protest could not be substantial due to lack of mutual trust and unity among
them. After the king’s takeover, the Seven Party Alliance (SPA) and the Maoists
came together for fighting for democracy. Both the parties were convinced that
the executive power could not be regained without their combined efforts. Thus
they signed 12-point Agreement in New Delhi on 7 Mangsir 2062 as a document of
their historic consensus.
Together they launched the People’s
Movement on Chaitra 2062. Maoist involvement in the peaceful movement
astonishing as well as pivotal. The movement was get popular and widespread
despite brutal response of the army police. Streets of Kathmandu and other
major cities of country were flooded with processions and meetings. P’
participation was even the more in the history of Nepal. People from all walks
of life expressed solidarity to the movement took to the streets. About 20
demonstrators got martyrdom. Baishakh 8, 2063 the king gave speech through
radio and television and declared that he had ‘handed over the property of people to the people themselves’. This still
could not pacify demonstrators. They further intensified the agitation. Finally
the nineteenth day of the movement, the King fully yielded to agitators.
Through another address to the nation, he re the dissolved Hous of
Representatives and gave up his execu power formerly taken highhandedly.
Following it, there victory celebrations throughout the nation. Immediately
Maoists declared a 3-month unilateral ceasefire. commander of the movement
Girija Prasad Koirala appointed the Prime Minister on Baishakh 14. The
following the reinstated House held its first session and passed resolution for
holding constituent assembly elections andta necessary steps for the same.
Later on Jyeshtha 4, the 1 adopted a historic declaration with decisions such
as curt the King’s power and declaring Nepal a secular state.
Wednesday, April 4, 2012
Popular Movement I
Popular Movement I
Panchayat
system was unconstitutionally established by King Mahendra in BS 2017 against
the wish of the general public and democratic parties of the country. It was a
non-party system in which the monarch exercised absolute power with active
suppression of public freedom. So its opposition started from its very
inception. Parties, though underground, started making efforts to restore
multiparty system in the country. In BS 2028 a communist faction attempted a
violent revolt called Jhapa Revolt against the system in the eastern ‘Nepal.
Some leaders caught were brutally killed in the Sukhani of Illam. In BS 2036,
mounting student agitation forced the reigning King Birendra to declare
national referendum for the two choices- ‘reformed’ non-party system and
multiparty system. The following year there was polling in which even the
democratic parties enthusiastically took part in their hope to get victory.
As it turned out, the result was
‘manipulated in favour of the existing
system’.
After the
referendum, the democratic parties of were better consolidated. Eight communist
parties formed an alliance called the United Leftist Front (ULF) under the
leadership of Sahana Pradhan. Five other communist parties were united into
United National Popular Movement Committee by Tulsilal Amatya. The Nepali
Congress was ever committed against the system. It held a national conference
at the premises of the party leader Ganeshman
Singh from 5-7 Magh 2046. The meeting was keenly participated by the
leaders of other parties in the country as well as those from India. The
conference passed a resolution to start a mass movement from the following
national democracy day i.e. Falgun 7. In the meantime, India refused to renew
the traditional trade and transit treaty with Nepal. All the transit points
except two were closed.
Accordingly
protests in defiance of the government started on the democracy day.
Processions from different streets came out to the city centre in Kathmandu.
There were instant clashes between the police and the demonstrators. The police
resorted to violent suppression. Still greater nationwide demonstrations
followed the next 49 days. The movement was worthily peaceful and included
agitations such as general strikes, black outs and sit-ins. The anti-Panchayat
movement was joined overwhelmingly by all kinds of people - students, women,
workers, professionals, journalists, etc. They did not yield to any omissions
and commissions, cabinet reshuffles and commitments of the’ Panchas. About 100
demonstrators sacrificed their precious life to the inhumane response of the
police.
Realizing that
the situation had turned uncontrollable, King Birendra summoned an all-party
meeting on Chaitra 26. The meeting attended by veteran leaders such as Girija
Prasad Koirala, Krish’na Prasad Bhattarai, Sahana Pradhan and Radha Krishna
Mainali unanimously reiterated the demand for multiparty democracy. At about
mid-night the king gave a radio address declaring that the ban on the political
parties had been lifted. Following the royal declaration, there were victory
celebrations across the nation. The caretaker Prime Minister Lokendra Bahadur
Chand resigned from his post. By and by all the Panchayati mechanisms were
dissolved. A Nepali Congress leader KP Bhattarai was appointed Prime Minister
with two major responsibilities: drafting a democratic constitution and holding
general elections that were fulfilled in stipulated time.
Tuesday, April 3, 2012
Patriotism
Patriotism
Patriotism means a profound love of
people to the nationality. It can also be explained as their devotion, I and
reverence to the nation. It is a prime duty of a good to be loyal to his/her
own country and do good for the same. Patriot has at the very least a sense of
pride in his/her nation wishes for its good. One who serves his/her nation
thoughts, words and deeds is always remembered and honored while one who
betrays it is always reprimanded.
Patriotism
is not only a feeling but also a practice. It can be manifested in different
forms and for different purposes. The very essence, a patriot strives to
protect the national independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty of
his/her nation. A Sanskrit saying runs - ‘mother and motherland dearer than
heaven.’ A patriot lives and dies for the nation Instead of being fascinated by
attractive jobs abroad, he/she tries to find some useful job at home. Even
outside, he/she is always attached to his/her nation. When required, he/she doe
hesitate to sacrifice his/her life in defense of the nation nationalism.
A
patriot doesn’t run away or yield to foreign I power. But patriotism is not
only the love for geography. It is also a service offered for the good of the
nation. A patriot tries to contribute in
all possible ways to heighten the glory greatness of the nation. He/she knows
the value of the of the nation's natural and cultural resources and contributes
to their proper utilization and conservation. For a nationalist, personal gain
lesser value. In crises, he/she works more actively to face the problems in
order to revive the self-esteem.
In
addition, patriotism is also an attempt to be independent and self-reliant. A
patriot doesn’t allow any outside interference. He/she is adherent to the constitution
and other laws of the state. Patriotism makes people respectful to the rulers
and tolerant to their fellow men. They contribute to mutual understanding,
peace and unity of the nation. They always feel grateful and indebted to the
nation. They never abuse power and never neglect duties.
But
a true patriot doesn’t embrace his/her country as it is. He/she opts for
necessary reformations and changes. They fight against existing socio-cultural
evils. Democratic achievements are very dear to them. They are always in favour
of truth and justice. They raise voice against injustice and untruth. They are
devoted for the defense of the country’s ideals.
We
know that fanatical nationalism engulfing several European nations brought them
misery and shame in the 20th century. This means blind faith upon one’s country
may be destructive. So a true patriot shows due respect to others’ nations,
too. He/she protects the tradition, culture, norms and values but is ready to
avoid their superstitious and evil traits. They would die for the nation, but
would not let the nation die or them. Patriotism must come sacredly from the
core of the heart and should not be guided by any selfishness.
Sunday, April 1, 2012
Prithvi Narayan Shah
Prithvi Narayan Shah
Prithvi Narayan Shah was born to King Narbhupal Sha of
Gorkha and his second queen Kaushalyawati on 27 Paush 1779. He received
education from his caretaker mot Chandrapraväwati. It was because of her
lessons that he kept himself aloof from royal luxuries. He believed that a kin
indulged in luxury ruins his nation. Prithvi Narayan Shal married Makawanpur
princess Indra Kumari and Kashi princes Narendra Laxmi. He ascended the throne
at the age of 20.
King Prithi Narayan Shah was a man of
lofty aims. Grew a great ambition to annex the scattered kingdoms of Nepal into
his kingdom. He was more fascinated by the three states the then Nepal valley.
He was aware of the fact that sovereignty of the tiny states was at stake
because of the ever-expanding empires in the south and north.
But it was not an easy task for him to
unify all the scattered kingdoms some of which were more powerful than his own.
As soon as he became king, he started strengthening his military force. He
encouraged youths from various castes to his army. He gave them good training
and collected arms and weapons some of which were received from his
in-law-state. Benares (Kashi). He also appealed his subjects to contribute cash
and kind and they responded heartily.
The period between 1801 and 1831 BS is
a period Prithvi Narayan Shah’s invasions and conquests. The first conquest was
achieved at Nuwakot, one of the two main gateways to the valley. He put the
valley into an into blockade when he captured Makawanpur in 1819 ES. By % 1826 ES, he captured the valley completely.
Before he died in 1831 BS, he had expanded the territory of Nepal up to the
Mechi River in the east, Tibet in the north and Bihar in the south. The victory
campaign was further continued by his successors.
All activities throughout Prithvi
Narayan’s life were directed towards his unification campaign. He was never
disheartened at his defeat; instead, he learnt lessons from them. He was a
far-signed diplomat and tried to maintain diplomatic relations with other powerful
states. He was far-sighted and could take right decisions at right times. He
boosted the morale of his soldiers by commanding many of his unification
operations by himself. It was a key to his success. Prithvi Narayan Shah gave
good positions to the learned people and utilized their advice. He wanted to
rule according to public wish.
Prithvi Narayan Shah gave us a unified
stronger Nepal. The modern era of Nepalese history begins with the rise of this
great king. He can be portrayed as a successful warrior and an able
administrator. He is compared with great conquerors of the world such as
Alexander the Great. He also brought several reforms. His teachings known as
divine counsels are valuable guidelines for our administrators. His
contributions to the nations should not be undermined just because they also
satisfied his personal wishes.
Saturday, March 31, 2012
Value of Time
Value of Time
Time is always changing. It is all powerful. Even the natural
phenomena have followed times. You may wonder how regular the heavenly bodies
are in their movements. A tundra plant has to complete its life cycle before
the short summer season of merely a month or two is over. Human life span is
also so short. We have much to do before we expire. The success of human life
also depends highly upon the regularity, punctuality and speed.
There is best time for
each of our daily activities such as working, eating and sleeping. Early riser
enjoys fresh morning and gets enough time for the day but the late riser is
troubled due to lack of time. Time comes but never waits. As a proverb goes -
'time and tide wait for no man'. We have to grab right time for right action.
'Hit the iron when it is hot'. Everything has right time to get it done. Our
efforts go in vain if right time is lost. Fertilizers used in the ripening
crops have no effect at all. A patient not taken to hospital in time loses
his/her life. A flight may be missed just by a minute. But a timely arrival of
fire fighter may protect a building from destruction.
Time can be compared
with a bullet fired which never returns. Time wasted can never be truly
recovered. To realize the value of one second you can ask a person who has
avoided an accident. An Olympic winner has really understood the value of one
millisecond. so every moment of time is valuable. Work done late is sometimes
no work done. Work done late is sometimes no work done. but 'a stitch in time saves
nine'. Timely responses prevent further loss and even loss can be recovered
completely if timely corrections are made.
Learners have to
utilize their time very wisely. They have to strictly follow the routine. They
should be regular to their classes. They should never waste their study hours.
'idleness is devil's workshop.' They should utilize even their recess time properly and usefully.
Tomorrow never comes, when it comes it is already today. So it's wrong to postpone our work. At the same time one
must understand the gravity of time. The value of time is relative. it depends
upon the situations and circumstances we are in. A day before an exam is
priceless but the day after may not be so urgent and important. Similarly every
minute in an exam hall is so valuable.
Time management is
important in all works of life. but we must also utilize enough time for a job.
Hasty jobs often turn into failure. 'The faster method of getting something
done is to do it only once'. A thought worker performs well and also saves
time. To conclude anyone who makes right utilization of time is crowned with
success while the one who wastes time fails and has only to repent.
Television
Television
Television (TV) is one of the most marvelous marvelous of modern
science and technology. It is an device that receives audio-visual signals to
produce the s and sounds. Started in the first half of the 20th century, on has
been developing a lot and now it is one of the most important means of
communication as well as entertainment for of the people throughout the world.
Cable, satellite and have really revolutionized the world of television.
The most important feature of television
is the audio-presentation of scenes or events. Television viewers enjoy
unprecedented access to the world outside their own community heir own home.
Television is the main source of information the events and situations of the
world. It can present the I picture of the world. Even the development of wars
and ion campaign can be broadcast live. There are different meals and
programmes to fit the diverse tastes of the viewers. Vision allows its
audiences to actively interpret meanings of programmes through discussions. It
also brings innovative is of entertainment. Televisions present themselves as
the jc watchdogs and help in forming popular wish. They are popular means of
advertisements and notices.
The other side is rather unpromising.
Televisions may to present the reality of the world simply because they have
limitation on. how much they can cover. Complex problems may L simplified or
distorted due to editing and presentation technique. Television represses the
creativity of the viewers because it doesn’t permit their active participation.
Television has discouraged people from searching for knowledge and
understanding because it provides them easy and less entertainment. Television
also makes people lazier and varied in their social habits.
Television may have effect in amplifying
violence, society because it gives a sense that the world is a more place than
it really is. Televisions tend to reduce the difference between reality and
fantasy. Many television viewers w their time for futile shows. Even children
spend reduced time their studies due to Television. They get their eye-c
damaged. Programmes designed for adult people may Ii negative impact on
children. Advertisements on television often exaggerated and false. Likewise,
this mass communication means can be misused in favour of a political party
contesting election or ruling high-handedly. Mostly televisions are be used as
an instrument in the worldwide spread of the West culture and hegemony.
In spite of these few drawbacks,
television continues remain the most important form of mass communication in
new century as well. It has become an unprecedented window the world. It is
still a direct, personal and intimate means communication. Everything has
darker side and there c chances of its misuse. How useful television can be
also depends upon the faculty of users. Television should be used for the go of
the viewers. Everyone should be selective of TV channels a programmes.
Friday, March 30, 2012
Technical Education
Technical Education
Technical education is different from the education we iderstan4
in ordinary sense. It means teaching and learning about the use of machinery
and methods from schools, colleges Technical institutes. In other words, it is
a process of acquiring practical skills on various works. Technical education
follows the sic or compulsory phase of education. But it is not detached
completely from theoretical education. Vocational training is a simple example
of technical education.
Technical education is rather a
modern form of education. It emerged with the development of industries,
industries, transport and communication of the modern time. It vides both
theoretical and practical knowledge in using instruments and machines. It
imparts special mechanical knowledge and skills on various fields such as
engineering, knowledge and agriculture. Technical education trains a person to
industrious and innovative. It provides knowledge of technology. The knowledge
obtained is thus practical and job-oriented. Technical education needs to be
adjusted to the changes in technologies and new jobs available in markets.
The modern world is the world of
engines and machines. Technologies are always advancing. So, one should have
knowledge on how they work and should be used. It is absolutely to produce
technically skilled manpower for all-round development of every country. It is
the only way to build up the economy of underdeveloped or developing countries.
The scope of technical education is so extensive. Science mostly depends on
technical minds. In fact, industrial revolution is based on technical
innovations.
The rapid success achieved by
developed countries such as Japan, the USA and Germany is mostly due to their
technical education. Nepal is backward because it lacks such education. We are
depending on foreign technology and foreign technician. So, we have to pay a
lot for services. Amenities here are poor] organized and distributed. Most of
our vast resources are lea, unused. Our vast human resource is still so
unproductive. There is mass unemployment even among highly educated people.
Agriculture is our main economic activity but it is only subsistent activity.
True industrialization has not started yet. Trade deficit is very high. The
only way to face all these challenges is to prioritize and expand technical
education.
Technical education will make our
human resource more instrumental in our social and economic development. Our
resources wi4l be utilized and living standard will be raised. Even those going
out for foreign employment will get better jobs. We will be able to revive our
self-esteem. To sum up, technical education is essential for young minds to
sustain in this competitive world. Education without technical application is
not complete and worthy. This practical education is the need of all in the
modern age. So the government has to adopt a strong policy of developing and
expanding technical education.
Thursday, March 29, 2012
Red Cross
Red Cross
Red
Cross is now the largest and probably the most active international
humanitarian organization of the world. It known as Red Crescent in Muslim
countries and Red Star Israel. International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Cross Societies (IFRCS) has more than 250 million member worldwide. Nepal is
among the 176 countries which now have
their national Red Cross or Red Crescent societies. Internatio1
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) made up of up to 25 S% citizens is the core
organization.
Red Cross was
founded by a Swiss banker, Jean He1 ‘Dunant in 1863. But his idea of founding
such organization ca in 1859 when, during his holiday in Italy, he witnessed an
law battle at Solferino. Appalled by the scene of thousands soldiers killed or
wounded in a single day in a complete lack of care, Dunant published a book and
called for groups volunteers in every country. Responding to his call, 16
countries for a conference at Geneva and
formed the organization After a year in 1864, under the leadership of Red
Cross, countries signed the Geneva Convention which is now a cod conduct for
war for protecting wounded soldiers, Red Cr volunteers, prisoners of wars and
civilian population. The same meeting adopted the white flag with a red cross.
It is reversion of the Swiss flag which has white cross on background. Muslim
countries have their modified white with crescent moon and Israel that with red
star.
Now Red Cross
provides humanitarian service for victims of war as well as natural disasters.
During wartime is offers aid to alleviate the sufferings of the victims such as
wounded soldiers, non-army people and prisoners of war. It also provides
emergency aid to the victims of natural disasters such as earthquake and flood.
During peacetime, it renders service to improve the health of the general
public. Blood bank management, ambulance service, mobile health camps, health
training, tree plantation and sanitation are among the main functions of the
Red Cross volunteers.
Red Cross
services have been proved exclusively, important both in wartime and in
peacetime. It has played vital role in rescuing, treating and rehabilitating
the victims of all major wars and disasters. Its recognizable emblem is worn by
the volunteers administering emergency aids as in battlefield. It has got
fervent recognition from the world community. The founder was awarded the first
Nobel Prize for Peace in 1901. In addition, the ICRC has been awarded the prize
three times so far.
Nepal Red Cross Society (NRCS) was established in 1953. Each
district has its District Chapters (DCs). There are Nepal Junior Red Cross and
Youth Red Cross for students and youths to be linked with the NRCS. It runs
wide ranging projects in the management of the war and disaster victims as well
as in raising the status of public health. It works together with many NGO’s,
governmental departments and local people dedicated in health sector.
Wednesday, March 28, 2012
World
War II
The Treaty of Versailles that settled World War I did not
treat the defeated nations fairly. The seeds of another war were sown in it
because Germany in particular was vengeful for the harsh terms and it was vowed
to compensate its loss. The League of Nations, founded on
the treaty for promoting world peace and security, was openly defined by
Germany, Russia, Italy and Japan sooner and later. German dictator Adolph
Hitler commanded promising support from the people hard hit by economic
hardship and hurt by the discriminatory treaty. He developed Germany again as a
war machine and started territorial aggressions. With Italy and Japan, Germany
made a military alliance called Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. It was a great threat
to the democratic countries such as Britain, France made a military alliance
called Rome-Berlin-tokyo Axis. It was a great USA. In the Spanish Civil War
Germany and Russia that supported the opposing parties could test their arms
and war techniques. Germany was all inspired by the victory of the rebel leader
General Franco backed by it. When Poland did not submit to its demand of Dazing
area, Germany started the lighting war
'blitzkrieg' on 1 Sep 1939. After two
days, Britain and France declared war on Germany. This was the beginning of the
second Great War.
Would II started between the Axis
consisting of Germany, Japan and Italy and the Allies consisting of Great
Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union. France joined the Allies on
the very day. Later some forty-five other nations such as Brazil, Canada,
India, Australia, Mexico, Iran and Egypt, etc. joined the Allies and six others
namely Bulgaria, Hungary, Thailand, Finland and Albania joined the Axis. The
war was more widespread and devastating than World War I.
In the beginning years, Germany made
continuous break thoughts. Along with Poland, it captured Norway Denmark, the
Netherlands, France, Yugoslavia and Greece. It also attacked the British and
Russian Forces ferociously. By December 7, Japan attacked Hawaii and
invited intensive attacks from the USA. By mid-1942 Japan had captured many
southeast countries of Asia and almost all the Pacific Island. But the year
1942 was giving a different turn to the war. The Allies were able to so the
Axis from occupying Africa, the Soviet Union, and the Pacific. They landed on
Italy in 1943 and Italy surrendered. The Allied forces also reached the German
capital of Berlin from the west and east forcing it to surrender on May 7,
1945. But in the Pacific, heavy battles were still on. In June the Americans
captured Okinawa; still the Japanese would not surrender. Finally, the USA
dropped two atom bombs, one on Hiroshima and August 6, 1945 and the other on
Nagasaki after three days. The two great cities were compactly ruined. Then
Japan agreed to surrender unconditionally on Aghast 14 and signed a peace
agreement on September 2 the same year.
The war
caused unprecedented loss of life and property. The death toll might be much
higher than the estimated 60 millions. The total cost of the war is inestimable. Industries and cities were
heavily destroyed. But the war brought the colonial rule to its end. Many
countries such as India got independence. The United Nations Organization, the
new bt stronger form of the League of Nations come into existence. Some of the
former colonies would be the responsibility of the UN Trusteeship Council. As
another effect of the war, the systems of government as in Japan were changed.
After the war, the major would conflict shifted to between the USSR and the
USA. The conflict known as Cold War would prevail for another half
centaury.
Tuesday, March 27, 2012
World War I
World
War I
World War I, one of the most violent human conflicts, was
fought between the Allies consisting of France, Russia and Great Britain the at
backed Serbia, and the Central Powers consisting of Austria-Hungary and
Germany. Later twenty other nations such as the United States, China, Italy and
Japan joined the Allies and Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire jointed the Central
Powers.
The war was a result of a longtime
hostility and tension throughout the European territories. Excessive
nationalism developing among the Europeans made them to highly aggressive to
their enemies. They made strong and rapid military build-ups, all 'for the
glory and greatness of their nations.' For instance, Germany alone had 4.2
million soldiers in 1914. Besides their military build-ups at home, they made
military alliances shaping hostility between each other. There was also
cutthroat competition among the powerful nations for colonies mainly in Asia
and Africa. The falling Ottoman Empire also provided for their races for
territorial expansions. Austria-Hungary took over Bosnia Herzegovina from
Serbia after the Second Balkan War of 1913.
One June 28, 1914 Austro-Hungarian heir
Archduke Ferdinand, was shot dead in the Bosnian capitates of Sarajevo by
Vavrilo Principle, a member of Black Hand Society instituted for Serbian unity.
The victim's nation blamed Serbia for the assassination
and declared was on it. Russia
started to fight Austria-Hungary, so Germany declared war on Russia and France
German entry into Belgium also pulled Britain against the Central Powers. The war was fought in
four major areas in and around Europe. Trenches
were dug from North Sea to Swiss
Alps in the western front where German troops fought heavily against the French
and British in the beginning and finally against the American troops, too. The
eastern front remained a site of Russo-German battles. There were also heavy
battles in the Balkans and the Middle East.
The war was fought awfully with deadly
inventions. Use of machine guns, long-range artilleries, grenades, aero planes,
armored tanks, submarines and poisonous gas caused horrendous casualties. Armies fought in dreadful
conditions as that of muddy trenches against the barbed wire fence, advancing
little through the no-man's land and retreating. Even the civilian population
was not protected. The warring nations would make every possible effort for
victory. Youths were massively recruited. As soldiers were killed and injured,
more older and younger men had to be sent. Uniforms and arms had to be manufactured.
Land was cultivated 'for victory' .
Germany had won many battles in European
battlefronts by 1916. In 1917 Russian armies deserted the battlefields due to a
revolution in their land. The United States joined the Allies in 1917 when
German submarines began to sink the farmer's unarmed ships. With abundant
support from the new partner, the Allies made the Central Powers surrender in
autumn 1918. The war was officially ended by an armistice signed in France
on November 11. Germany withdrew immediately from all occupied territories and
surrendered all major weapons. Later on the 28, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles
was signed with a proposal to institute the League of nations, the first
international organization.
World War I was
the first war of its kind. It caused appalling
loss of life and property. About 10
million solders were killed and 20 million people were wounded. It lift millions of refugees. Death of many soldiers caused dramatic low
population growth and lack of manpower in the subsequent years. An estimated
figure of 337 billion US $ was spent in the war. Borrowing and extra money
printing brought inflection. The war changed
the geopolitics of the world fever. New countries were formed and system of
many government were killed and 20 million
people were wounded. It left millions of refugees. Death of many solders
caused dramatic low population growth and lack of manpower in the subsequent
years. An estimated figure of 337 billion US $ was spent in the wary. Borrowing
and extra money printing brought inflection.
The war changed the geopolitics of the world forever. New
counties were formed and systems of many governments were changed. Communists
rose to power as in Russia. Women's activation forced by the war ultimately
gained for the suffrage and other
political rights in many countries.
Monday, March 26, 2012
Load Shedding
Load Shedding
Power generators have limited capacities.
When demand of electricity in a certain area exceeds its generation, the supply
is to be cut temporarily as a method of reducing the demand on the generators.
This temporary reduction in electricity supply is known as load shedding and
less formally power cut. Peak load shedding hours are early evenings and
mornings when most bulbs are lit and most home appliances are in use.
Power is a very important daily need of
modern life. Without it, life cannot run normally. Radios, TVs, computers, rice
cookers and other home appliances don’t operate. With power cut, supply of
drinking water, etc. is halted. Rooms cannot be heated or cooled. Records are
lost and valuable machines break down when the power cut is sudden and
uninformed. Nights sinks in complete darkness with no bulb illuminating. People
with criminal motives are active in load shedding hours at night. Narrow
passages and streets are very insecure. Road accidents go up. Electrically
powered vehicles are halted. Schools and colleges cannot give their morning and
evening classes particularly and students cannot do their homework either. Even
emergency batteries cannot be full-charged in the time of long- hour load
shedding. Shrinking entertainment and recreational opportunities force people
to stay idle and bored.
Regular load shedding has very serious
impact in the overall economic activities of a country. Overall earning
opportunities for the people are limited. Factory productions fall and markets
shrink. Running cost of business corporations such as, cinemas, hotels and
lodges rises enormously as they e by
generating power through diesel-fed generators.
As a result their business falls or the
price increases. However, battery makes and traders make their good days. Even
the sale of candles goes up.
Despite
its rich potential for hydropower, there is not enough power available in
Nepal. Limited large-scale hydro- projects are based on snow-fed rivers or
natural ponds collecting rainwater. Load shedding is growing with expanding
cities and overambitious transmissions. Even in rainy seasons, our generators
cannot produce enough to meet the demands. The are worse in dry winter when
power is available for less one third of the day.
It’s a real irony that Nepal with the
potential of 83,000 MW of hydroelectricity has regular and long-hour load
shedding. This is the result of our
irresponsible leadership which otherwise would have worked at least to meet the
internal demand, if not for export. Now it is very urgent to make both
short-term and long-term efforts for
eliminating load shedding. Immediate demands can be fulfilled only by importing
power from neighbors. So consumers must be made aware about the need of
minimizing the power consumption and its vital methods. Production should be
raised in every possible way. At the same time must also look further ahead.
Utilizing foreign aid, sole large-scale projects should be started immediately
so that e needs will be fulfilled more easily. We should invite foreign
investment in this sector, too and start small-scale with local efforts.
Thursday, March 22, 2012
Nepal Tourism Year 2011
Nepal Tourism Year 2011
Nepal is a country of wonderful natural and
cultural combinations. Its natural environment remain quite less altered by
modernization while its inhabitants are growingly hospitable. This diverse
country has a huge potential for tourism chiefly for its challenging mountains
and rivers, great variety of beautiful scenery, good varied climate, rich
animal and plant life, interesting cultures and large unemployed workforce.
Nepal is now one of the best tourist
destinations in the world. It has been visited annually by a large number of
tourists for more than a half century. Aspirants from round the globe choose
this gifted country for various purposes that include mountain climbing,
trekking, bird watching, mountain flight, rock climbing, paragliding, mountain
biking, jungle safari and cultural observations, and environmental as well
anthropological researches.
Because tourism has enormous advantages
and is now one of the major economic activities of the world, Nepal has
embarrassed the policy of increasing both the number of the visitors and their
average length of stay. In 1998, it observed ‘Visit Nepal Year’ with lofty aim
of receiving a half million tourists in the year, which was almost fully hit.
But the ongoing internal conflict thereafter caused a horrible decline in the
tourist turnouts in the country. So need of a campaign for reviving the
country’s tourist industry was strongly felt as the peace process started in
2006. In this direction, decision came from the first meeting of the Constitute
Assembly on May 28, 2008 to celebrate ‘Nepal Tourism Year’ in 2011. It was
officially initiated by the nation’s first President Dr. Ram Baran Yadav amidst
a grand function held in Kathmandu on 14
January 2011. The main target of the plan was to receive one million tourists
in the year. In addition, the nation aimed at developing Nepal as a choice of
premier holiday destination, improving and developing tourism related
infrastructures, enhancing the capacity of service providers, building
community capacity to host tourists and promoting the sustainability of
domestic tourism.
The campaign started with the slogan
‘Together for Tourism’ and the tourism brand ‘Naturally Nepal, Once is not
enough’. For the success of the ambitious plan, the government adopted various
strategies that include exploration of new potential tourism markets, focus on
marketing and promotion of activities, expansion of domestic and international
air links, encouragement of private sector in tourism, capacity building of
manpower involved in tourism, development of tourism related infrastructures,
organization of sports/events throughout the tourism year.
However, the scheme that came during the
transitional period could not naturally be carried out as smoothly as expected.
Overall progress thus was quite meager. The country’s deplorable political
instability had very serious effects on the execution of the programmes.
Frequently reshuffled governments seemed almost indifferent. Even the ‘tourist
hubs continued to witness frequent strikes and bandhs. Many of the set
strategies could not actually be carried out. Publicity remained quite limited.
General public could not be turned enthusiastic and hospitable. It was not
surprising that the efforts made by business organizations were Insufficient.
As a result, the non-Indian tourist arrivals by air in the first six months’
stood hardly at 2,25,000. This figure gives a clear indication to the ‘failure’
of the programme.
Nepal Tourism Year
2011 did have some important benefits and positive implications. Tourist
arrivals rose ‘though less than targeted. It was an important step towards the
revival of the country’s declining tourist industry. Several tourist areas were
somehow conserved. Commitments for improvements were made by the government,
public and private sector. Tourism-related events were organized in various
places. Some communities made their good days through homestay, programmes.
Above all, it gave a message to the visitors that Nepal is again becoming safe
for visits. It also clarified the bare fact that only a programmme with enough
preparations and effective implementation mechanism can help realize our huge tourism potential.
Gender Equality and Women Empowerment
Gender Equality and Women Empowerment
In the past, a person's position was
determined by might. Because men were more active in earning, fighting, running
a business and so on, they commanded superior position in the society. Many of
the world's cultures were patriarchal. They were necessarily founded on the
ground of gender discrimination. So women played passive and subservient role in the family and
society. Absence of women's participation in the public affair continued for
centuries. They are denied voting rights and paternal property rights until 20th
century or even later.
Now both perspectives and standards are
becoming fairer. Muscle power alone cannot determine a person's position in our
time, the age of justice and inclusion. The fact that women are not less
capable than their male partners, at least in emotional and intellectual
aspects, has been universally recognized. Women are no longer going to accept
their inferior and submissive role either. They want to be much more than mere
housewives and mothers.
The world is also aware that development
is not efficient and sustainable without women's predication. A family treating
women as passive and subservient members is not likely to prosper in the modern time Women must have autonomy
over their destiny. They must be enabled to take decisions free from their
destiny. They must be enabled to take decisions free from coercion and intimidation. They must get equal treatment in workplace.
Preference to son must end to control the existing high birth rates.
Gender equality is thus one of the major
concerns of our time. Democracies demand more active and effective role of
women. They have policies to end gender discriminations at all levels. There
are campaigns for the empowerment of women. As a result, in the recent past
some remarkable changes have taken place, at least in the legal and political
levels. Some women have enjoyed better treatment and participation in public
affairs.
Despite all this, gender discrimination
remains an utter reality in practice. The situations are worse in developing
countries like ours. It has been very difficult to implement legal managements
and political commitments, The society is not free from cultural prejudices
that tend to heavily curb women’s freedom. Reservations in parliament or civil
service have been taken merely as generosity but not responsibility. Ordinary
women suffer ill health, poor literacy and exclusion. Most highest posts in
offices and business companies are held by men.
Women empowerment is a step towards the
final goal of gender equality. Reservation cannot be a golden measure for
raising women’s status, We must rather work for making them capable in real
sense. So women education must get priority. The educated women will be capable
to compete with men so that they need no more mercy. It is equally important to
rescue women from male-dominated cultures which maintain that women can never
be equal to men. Role of enlightened individuals, political parties and media
is vital in advocating gender equality. Children should be introduced to
non-sexist culture from their early age. To sum up, the campaign against gender
discrimination needs to continue for several years to come.
Drug Abuse
Drug Abuse
Drug abuse refers to the deliberate use of an illegal drug for
its psychotropic purpose. It may also include too much use of a
prescribed drug for the similar purpose. the state of being dependent on drugs
is known as drug dependence for drug addiction. Once a person is addicted, it
is quite difficult for him to get away. Drugs are taken in different forms -
some are sniffed, some are taken orally and others are taken intravenously. Drug abuse is becoming a menace worldwide.
Several
circumstances lead people to start taking drugs. Youths, who are more curious
but ignorant are most vulnerable. Many get pressure from their bad company.
They are also urged by agents and distributors. Some have misconception that drugs remove all tension and lack of employment
and recreational opportunities
encourage youths to taste drugs. As in
our society, some people start taking some drugs such as ganja as a religious tradition. Likewise, many people are involved
in the extraction and trafficking of
drugs, through illegal, because they make high profit from these businesses. It
is difficult to control the illegal drugs trade because the smugglers, who also run legal
businesses and are rich enough to bribe police, use their own aircrafts and
secret routes. In addition, the users have very intense demands and certain
drugs are legal in certain countries.
Drug
abuse has serious impacts on individual, family and society. Drugs babbly
deteriorate the health of the users who lose confidence in the future and have
a realization of responsibilities. Instead, they feel guilty of not fulfilling
duties or involving in criminal activities. They suffer from decreased ability
and interest to work but are forced to generate money in every possible way.
They also get isolated from their family and normal friend's drug taking,
mainly intravenously, also leaves them vulnerable to HIV infection. On the
other hand, the family gets no more support from drug takers. Instead, they
have anxiety and tension. Most drug addicts are of working age. When they are
indifferent to their duties, the country's economy may be badly affected. At
the same time, many criminal activities are drugs induced and the addict's care and treatment are big problem
and burden for all.
In
this modern age everyone has challenges to protect oneself from the dangers. We
must know that drugs are never dietary substances and are by no means solution
to our problem. They are great killers so everyone should always say 'no' to
drugs even if we are lonely, frustrated or their intimate friends persuade. Families, societies and countries have important part to play. Farmers tending
to cultivate crops such as hemp and poppy should be encouraged with subsidies to cultivate food crops. Moe strict laws
should be made and implemented effectively. Cross border movements should be
strictly watched. Young people should be provided with recreational
opportunities. The countries at large should work jointly to
control production, transpiration, distribution and use of such poisons.
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